Background: As hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) grows in accessibility and utility, it remains imperative to understand outcomes for its recipients. Limited data is available on the comorbid correlations for this steadily increasing patient population. We sought to examine the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to describe in-hospital outcomes among patients who received a HSCT and developed anemia.

Methods: Data were extracted from the NIS Database from 2019 and 2020. The NIS was searched for hospitalizations of all patients greater than 18 years old who had previously received a HSCT and were hospitalized thereafter. We then analyzed the outcomes of these patients who developed anemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders; SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality and secondary outcomes are listed below.

Results: This study included 8,302 patients who had received a HSCT, of which 4888 (58.9%) were found to have anemia. Anemic recipients of a HSCT had slightly higher prevalences of obesity (7.3% versus 7.0%, p<0.001) and smoking (21.1% versus 20.5%, p<0.001), as well as higher prevalences of hypertension (32.4% versus 23.7%, p<0.001) and chronic kidney disease (34.6% versus 21.3%, p<0.001). Multivariate regression demonstrated that anemic recipients of a HSCT had higher inpatient mortality (OR 2.549, CI 2.233-2.910, p<0.001). On secondary analysis, anemic HSCT recipients were found to be more likely to have thrombocytopenia (OR 3.467, CI 3.199-3.757, p<0.001), hypertension (OR 5.141, CI 4.699-5.626, p<0.001), acute kidney failure (OR 3.421, CI 3.187-3.673, p<0.001), all-cause arrhythmias (OR 2.772, CI 2.515-3.056, p<0.001), acute pancreatitis (OR 1.906, CI 1.583-2.294, p<0.001), and pericarditis (OR 3.000, CI 2.478-3.632, p<0.001).

Conclusion: In this nationally-representative, population‐based retrospective cohort study, anemic patients who have received a HSCT and were subsequently hospitalized were associated with higher mortality and worse outcomes.

Disclosures

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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2024
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